Citing Paper/Traditional Sources in APA Format
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Citing ELECTRONIC materials in APA
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TIPS FOR FORMATTING YOUR CITATIONS
Paper and other "traditional" sources covered here:
Book by a single author
Book with two authors
Book by a corporate author (a company, school, nonprofit group, etc.)
Book with an editor
Work in an anthology or collection
Article in an encyclopedia
Government/legal document
Article from a weekly or bi-weekly magazine
Article from a journal
Article from a journal with continuous paging
Article with no author
Article from a daily newspaper
Personal communication (interview, unpublished manuscript, letter, etc.)
Book by a Single Author § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of book:
Subtitle of book. City of Publication: Publisher.
Millionaire, J. (2003). How to get rich without really trying. New York: Reality Television Press.
Book with Two Authors § Back to Top
Last name, First initial., & Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of book:
Subtitle of book. City of Publication: Publisher.
Sawyer, T., & Finn, H. (1855). Raft construction made easy. Hannibal, MO:
Mississippi Press.
Book with a Corporate Author § Back to Top
Corporate Author. (YYYY). Title of book. City of Publication: Publisher.
Uni High Alumni Association.(1998). Uni through the years. Urbana, IL: Uni
High Press.
Book with an Editor § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (Ed.). (YYYY). Title of book. City of Publication:
Publisher.
March, J. (Ed.). (1963). How to get your first book published. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
A Work in an Anthology or Collection § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. In Editor’s First initial. Lastname (Ed.), Title (pp. #-#). City of Publication: Publisher.
Seuss, D. (1996). How Horton heard the Who. In C. George (Ed.), Children's
classics (pp. 127-134). Boston: HarperCollins.
Article in an Encyclopedia § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Encyclopedia.
(Vol. #, pp. #-#). City of Publication: Publisher.
Frome, E. (1995). The art of hiring good help. In Household Encyclopedia. (Vol. 2, pp.
78-80). New York: Winter Press.
Government/Legal Document § Back to Top
Report/document origin. Type. Number of the Congress-Report/document number (YYYY).
H.R. Doc. No. 105-COE No. 246-A (1998).
Article in a Weekly or Bi-Weekly Magazine § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (YYYY, Month DD). Title of article. Title of Magazine,
volume, pp-pp.
Nye, B. (1998, October 15). Putting science to music. Science Teacher Workshop,
130, 120-122.
Article from a Journal § Back to Top
Vol(Issue), pp-pp.
Bird, B. (2000). Recent explorations and discoveries in forming the letter "e".
Education Digest, 42(3), 26-30.
Article from a Journal with Continuous Paging § Back to Top
Last name, First initial. (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Magazine, Vol, pp-pp.
Drew, N. (1987). Upstaging the Hardy Boys. Mystery Digest, 12, 323-330.
Article with No Author § Back to Top
Title of article. (YYYY). Title of Magazine, Vol(Issue), pp-pp.
How to insure your place in the sciences. (2004). Science Careers, 20(4), 62-97.
Article from a Daily Newspaper § Back to Top
Lastname, Firstinitial. (YYYY, Month DD). Title of article. Title of
Newspaper, pp. sectionpage.
Meany, O. (2001, September 15). I survived Sunday school bullies. The News-
Gazette, pp. A1, A3, A8-10.
Personal Communication (interview, unpublished manuscript, letter, etc.) § Back to Top
Because they do not include "recoverable data," the APA prefers that you refer to personal communications in the body of your paper, rather than in your bibliography. For example, "In a recent interview with Xavier Onassis (personal communication, January 23, 2003), a high-level administration official, we were told that no one within the administration had been charged with any wrongdoing."
If you can't conveniently mention the person's name in the sentence, then include it in the parentheses. For example, "Despite many recent advances in wireless technology, engineers still know little about what makes some antennas work better than others" (Gineer, N., personal communication, September 10, 2003). In general, you must fit the following information in one way or another:
Name of sender. (personal communication, date)
Disclaimer: This handout is only meant as a guide. If we tried to cover all citations you might make, we’d have a book—which is exactly what the American Psychological Association (APA) publishes every couple of years. You should check the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition, if you have a question that this guide doesn’t answer. See the library for a copy (call number 029 Am4p2001 in the reference section).
Formatting your citations: In making your list of works cited, begin each entry flush with the left margin; if the entry runs more than a line long, the next lines should be indented five spaces, or one default TAB setting if you are using a word processor. On many word processors you can also accomplish this by paragraph formatting for a "hanging indent." (Whichever you choose, be consistent throughout.) Use double spacing for your entire list, both between and within entries.
If you will be publishing your own bibliography on a web page, it may be difficult to indent properly. To deal with this, it's common to use bullets in front of each citation instead of indenting.
This citation guide was last revised 9/2007.